It is the goal of this research to identify current packaging options that limit this environmental impact.
Pharmaceutical and biological materials require thermally controlled environments when transporting between manufacturers, clinics, and hospitals. It is the purpose of this report to compare the life cycle impacts of two distinct logistical approaches to packaging commonly used in facilitating a clinical drug trial and identify the method of least environmental burden. Considered herein is analysis of a single-use approach utilizing containers insulated with either polyurethane or polystyrene and a reusable approach utilizing containers with vacuum insulated panels.